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Warmer upper layers of water prevent oxygen from mixing into deeper zones, creating toxic "dead zones" where fish cannot survive.

Expanding megacities extract groundwater and surface water faster than natural cycles can refill the aquifers. 3. Eutrophication and Pollution

The passage cites the Aral Sea or similar regional examples, illustrating how diverting feeder rivers for crops decimated the water body.

This passage typically utilizes three distinct question formats designed to test your scanning and analytical reading skills:

Rising global temperatures accelerate evaporation rates and alter precipitation patterns, starving lakes of natural inflows.

In Iran, waters have also been affected by unusually hot summers, but dams and irrigation projects have also played a part. In the past, people admired its beautiful green-blue colour. However, the water now has a red tint. The reason for this is that bacteria quickly multiply in the warm waters of a shallow lake. Now local communities are understandably concerned about the future. One of their concerns is that Lake Urmia is no longer seen as a place where people can bathe to improve their health. As a result, in the last decade, there has been a downturn in tourism in the area, an industry many people depended on.

Lake Fracksjön in Sweden shows an increase of 1.35°C per decade — the fastest documented in the passage.

The final sentence of Paragraph 4 states that hypoxia and pollution threaten “the livelihoods of 40 million people” around Lake Victoria.

Nearly 90%.

Paragraph 2 explains that lakes fed by glaciers reach a maximum inflow (peak water) before inflows drop permanently. This concept is critical for understanding future water security in regions like the Himalayas and Andes.