The “new” Mathematics Syllabus for Grades 1–7 (2014) and Grades 8–9 (2013) explicitly include process skills :
This is a classic policy-practice gap .
: The thinking process includes the ability to justify one's reasoning and undertake projects that organize ideas into new patterns. 2. Pedagogy: From "How to Calculate" to "How to Think" Mathematical Thinking - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
The shift from traditional teaching requires significant retraining. Teachers are encouraged to form professional learning communities to share ideas.
The new Zambian curriculum and associated teaching modules emphasize several core cognitive steps: Abstracting & Representation
The modules map out specific competencies (e.g., matrices, similarity, bearings) and how to teach them.